Glossary
What is ransomware?
Ransomware is malware that encrypts an organization's files or locks its systems, then demands a ransom — usually in cryptocurrency — to restore access. Many attacks also steal data first and threaten to leak it, adding pressure to pay.
How ransomware attacks unfold
Most ransomware starts with a person: a phishing email, a stolen password or a malicious download gives attackers a foothold. They then move through the network, steal data, and finally encrypt systems and demand payment.
Modern 'double extortion' attacks exfiltrate sensitive data before encrypting, so victims face both downtime and the threat of a public leak.
The cost of ransomware
Beyond any ransom, victims face downtime, recovery costs, regulatory exposure and reputational damage. Paying is discouraged because it funds attackers and doesn't guarantee recovery.
How to prevent ransomware
- Train people to spot the phishing that starts most ransomware attacks.
- Enforce MFA and least-privilege access to slow lateral movement.
- Keep tested, offline backups and patch known vulnerabilities.
- Monitor for exposed credentials that attackers use to get in.
How HookPhish helps
HookPhish tackles the most common ransomware entry point — phishing and stolen credentials — with simulation, training and dark web monitoring that warns you when credentials leak.
Frequently asked questions
How does ransomware get in?+
Most commonly through phishing emails, stolen or reused credentials, and malicious downloads — usually requiring a person to click or an account to be compromised.
Should we pay the ransom?+
Authorities generally advise against paying: it funds attackers and doesn't guarantee you'll get your data back. Focus on prevention, backups and response planning.
How do we prevent ransomware?+
Train people against phishing, enforce MFA, keep tested offline backups, patch promptly, and monitor for leaked credentials.
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