What is pharming?

Pharming is an attack that silently redirects users from a legitimate website to a fake one — even when they type the correct address — by poisoning DNS records or a device's host file. Victims then enter credentials or payment details on the attacker's copy.

How pharming differs from phishing

Phishing lures you into clicking a malicious link. Pharming needs no click — it manipulates the systems that translate a web address into a server, so even a correctly typed URL can land on a fake site.

Because there's no obvious lure, pharming can be harder to spot than ordinary phishing.

How pharming works

Attackers either compromise DNS servers (DNS poisoning) or alter a device's local host file, often via malware, so requests for a real domain resolve to the attacker's server.

How to prevent pharming

  • Look for HTTPS and a valid certificate, and watch for site changes or warnings.
  • Keep devices malware-free and DNS settings trusted.
  • Use reputable DNS providers and enable protections like DNSSEC where possible.
  • Enable MFA so stolen passwords alone aren't enough.

How HookPhish helps

HookPhish helps with the human and brand side of fake-site attacks — training people to verify sites and monitoring for the lookalike domains attackers stand up.

Frequently asked questions

What's the difference between pharming and phishing?+

Phishing tricks you into clicking a malicious link; pharming redirects you to a fake site without a click by poisoning DNS or host files.

How can I tell if I've been pharmed?+

Watch for certificate warnings, subtle site changes, or a familiar address behaving oddly. Keep devices clean and use trusted DNS.

Does MFA help against pharming?+

Yes. Even if you land on a fake site, MFA makes a stolen password much less useful to an attacker.

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